the concept of zero as a number has a long and interesting history. it is thought to have originated in ancient civilizations in mesopotamia, india, and the maya civilization in central america. in ancient mesopotamia, the sumerians used a symbol for a placeholder in their system of base 60, which is still used in time measurement today (e.g. 60 seconds in a minute). this placeholder symbol was later adopted by the ancient babylonians and is thought to be the earliest recorded use of a placeholder symbol in a positional number system. in ancient india, the concept of zero as a number was developed independently by the ancient indian mathematicians. they used the sanskrit word "shunya," which means "void," to represent the concept of nothingness. the ancient indian mathematician brahmagupta was the first to write about the rules for arithmetic with zero, including the concept of negative numbers. the maya civilization in central america also had a concept of zero, which they represented with a shell-shaped symbol. the mayan number system was based on a base 20 system and included a symbol for zero, which was used in the same way that we use zero today. the concept of zero as a number was later transmitted to the islamic world, where it was further developed by mathematicians like al-khwarizmi and later spread to europe through the work of scholars like fibonacci. today, zero is an integral part of the modern decimal number system, which is used worldwide.