calinet

lenin was the central figure in transforming russia from a royal autocracy into a socialist state. he became a leading spokesman of social democracy in the russian capital, and in 1895 he was imprisoned. exile in siberia followed, and in 1900 lenin moved abroad. convinced of the need for a revolutionary voice, he founded the newspaper iskra in 1900. in his early writings, he argued that workers were incapable, on their own, of seeing beyond bread-and-butter issues; they needed a tightly organized revolutionary party to act on their behalf.

in 1903, the russian social democrats split over these issues, with lenin carrying the majority with him. in 1904, he returned briefly to saint petersburg to help organize the revolution.

by the time of the october revolution, lenin was the undisputed leader of the radical socialist movement. his concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat was ruthlessly imposed during the civil war. in 1921, he introduced the new economic policy to reverse the push toward a fully communist economy. he died in 1924, too soon to witness the full consequences of proletarian dictatorship.

henry ford, the american automobile manufacturer, was a well-known figure in the early 20th century and played a significant role in the development of the assembly line, which revolutionized the automobile industry and had a significant impact on the economy and society of the time.

ford's views on a variety of social and political issues, including his anti-semitism, were also well-known. ford was a vocal and prominent critic of jews and jewish influence in the united states, and he supported and funded anti-semitic organizations and publications.

one way in which ford supported the nazi party in germany was by funding and promoting anti-semitic publications and organizations. in the 1920s, ford owned and funded a newspaper called the dearborn independent, which published a series of articles known as the "international jew" that were critical of jews and accused them of attempting to control the world through their alleged control of the media, finance, and other areas of society. these articles were later compiled into a book that was widely distributed in the united states and around the world.

the nazi party in germany, which came to power in 1933 under the leadership of adolf hitler, also espoused anti-semitic beliefs and policies. the nazis used ford's writings and ideas as justification for their own anti-semitic views and actions, and hitler personally admired and praised ford. in 1938, the nazi government awarded ford the grand cross of the german eagle, the highest award that could be given to a foreigner, in recognition of his contributions to the nazi cause.

overall, the relationship between the nazis and henry ford was one of admiration and support, with the nazis drawing inspiration and justification from ford's anti-semitic views and actions.

one example of masochistic epistemology in action would be an individual who actively seeks out and engages with information and perspectives that challenge their beliefs and assumptions, even when doing so causes them discomfort or uncertainty. for instance, a person who is firmly convinced that a certain political ideology is correct may seek out and read articles or books written by authors who hold opposing viewpoints, in order to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of their own beliefs. by willingly subjecting themselves to information that challenges their beliefs, they are engaging in a form of masochistic epistemology, in which they are seeking to expand and deepen their understanding of the world.

another example of masochistic epistemology could be a student who willingly takes on a difficult or challenging course of study, even though they know it will require them to stretch their intellectual abilities and confront complex or difficult concepts. in this case, the student is deriving pleasure from the mental challenge and discomfort of tackling a difficult subject, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the topic. this approach to learning is based on the idea that seeking out and engaging with difficult or challenging information is a valuable way of expanding and strengthening one's knowledge.

wardenclyffe tower, also known as the tesla tower, was a wireless transmission station designed and built by the inventor nikola tesla. the tower was intended to transmit wireless energy and communication signals, but the project was never completed due to financial difficulties. it is located in shoreham, new york, and is one of the few remaining examples of tesla's work. the tower was declared a national historic landmark in 1989.

communism is a political and economic ideology that is based on the idea of creating a classless society in which all property and wealth are communally owned and controlled. the ultimate goal of communism is to create a system in which all individuals are equal and have access to the resources they need to live a fulfilling life. in a communist society, the state plays a central role in the economy and is responsible for distributing resources and planning production in order to meet the needs of the people. this is in contrast to a capitalist system, in which the economy is based on the private ownership of the means of production and the creation of profit.

daydream delusion
limousine eyelash
oh, baby with your pretty face
drop a tear in my wineglass
look at those big eyes
see what you mean to me
sweet cakes and milkshakes
i am a delusion angel
i am a fantasy parade
i want you to know what i think
don’t want you to guess anymore
you have no idea where i came from
we have no idea where we’re going
lodged in life
like two branches in a river
flowing downstream
caught in the current
i’ll carry you. you’ll carry me
that’s how it could be
don’t you know me?
don’t you know me by now?

a formative novel about a protagonist's psychological and moral growth from their youth into adulthood.

how do ants know when another ant is dead?

when ed wilson was a young assistant professor at harvard in the 1950s, he observed that when ants die — and if they're not crushed and torn apart — they just lie there, sometimes upside down, feet in the air, while their sister ants (almost all ants in a colony are ladies) walk right by without a glance. that is until about two days after an ant's passing, ed discovered, when the corpse appears to emit a chemical signal that changes the living ants' behavior dramatically.

all of a sudden what was once a pile of gunk on the colony floor becomes a "problem to be solved." once the signal is in the air, any ant that happens by grabs the corpse and carries it through the colony to a refuse pile designated the graveyard and dumps it on a mound of also-dead ants.

ed, who would revolutionize the study of ants by exploring their ability to communicate with smell, decided to figure out what chemicals equal "i am dead" to an ant.

in his autobiography, naturalist, he wrote: "i thought, maybe with the right chemicals i could create an artificial corpse."

finally, after much sifting and mixing, ed discovered that oleic acid — just a teeny drop of it — was all the ants had to sniff to think "dead!" and, because he could — ed had a colony parked in his harvard lab so he could watch them endlessly — one day he took a drop of the chemical and gently deposited it on an ant that had the misfortune of walking by.

ed describes how as soon as he dabbed the ant, the next ant that came near grabbed his ant, slung it on its back, hiked over to the graveyard and though the ant was very much alive — "kicking, you know," says ed — flung it onto the refuse pile.

dead is what you smell — not what you see — if you are an ant. so, though it tried to clean itself over and over, the minute it returned to the colony, it was grabbed, carried and slung back on the pile.

breakups can be painful whether you've been on just a few dates or have been together as a couple for many years. no matter the reason nor the length of the relationship, handling a breakup poorly can create undue pain.

up to three dates

if you've gone out with someone no more than a few times, he/she is unlikely to be permanently devastated by the dissolution of the relationship, although the two of you may have drastically different opinions of whether you were a good match...and rejection always hurts.

what to do: often the best thing to do is nothing-don't call or text, and simply allow the relationship to end. this approach sometimes is portrayed as cowardly or cruel, but there's a good chance that the other person also would rather let your nascent relationship drift away than endure the unpleasantness of an official breakup. sometimes, though, the other person doesn't get the hint. if you receive a message from the partner suggesting that he doesn't realize it's over or wants a clear-cut conclusion, then it's your responsibility to respond.

even if the other person phoned you, a text message or an e-mail is acceptable here-it spares both partners from an emotionally difficult conversation that really isn't necessary after only a few dates.

this message should include a positive statement about the other person or the time you spent together plus the explanation that the match just wasn't working for you. there's no need to add greater detail about what went wrong-pointing to shortcomings or missteps is more likely to add pain than reduce it.

examples: "i really enjoyed getting to know you, but i don't think that it was a good romantic match for me"... or "i don't think that the chemistry was working, but you're great and i hope you find the right person."

four or more dates but still not "exclusive"

by date four, your partner has invested substantial time and emotional energy in the relationship and has reason to believe that you think the match might work. you owe this person an explanation if you end the relationship.

what to do: a conversation is required, either in person, by phone or via video chat. you might want to send a text or an e-mail to set up this conversation-"do you have time to talk tonight? there's something i need to discuss." most daters understand what could be coming when they receive a text like this, which gives them a chance to mentally prepare for the coming conversation.

explain that your feelings "haven't been progressing"...or that you don't see a future together because you "want different things" or "have different interests." as above, add something positive, such as how much you've enjoyed the time you've spent together.

if this partner wants greater detail about what went wrong, point to areas of incompatibility. example: "i like to go out a lot more than you do. that worked during the pandemic because we couldn't get out much, but eventually either you would get tired of going out or i would get bored staying in."

don't say, "let's be friends"-it's extremely rare for romantic relationships to transition into nonromantic relationships...and suggesting this might send mixed messages or prolong an uncomfortable situation.

it's usually best not to be swayed if the partner asks for another chance. your carefully thought-out decision is much more likely than your partner's emotional response to be the better choice. alternative: if your partner responds to the preconversation warning text above by texting back that she would rather that you told her now than wait for a later conversation, she's likely signaling that she would prefer to avoid the unpleasantness of a breakup chat. in this situation, it's acceptable to end the relationship via a follow-up text. mention in this text that you're available for a phone call if she does want to talk about the breakup, although this offer is unlikely to be accepted.

long-term committed relationships

if you've been together more than a few months, breaking it off is going to take more than a few minutes and possibly more than a few tears. your partner likely will feel blindsided by the breakup even if it seems obvious to you that the - relationship isn't working. long-term relationships usually end because of a slow accumulation of issues, not a single massive misstep. often, one partner considers this slow accumulation of issues to provide proof that the relationship isn't working...while the other believes that these issues are in the past and assumes the couple has overcome them or underestimates the problems.

what to do: long-term relationships must be ended in person. have this conversation in a private place that isn't your home-private so that your partner can express his feelings and emotions freely...and not your home so that you can leave afterward. your partner's home often is the best choice. exception: a public setting is justified if you fear that your partner might become violent.

leave no doubt that the relationship is 100% over. opening the door even a crack for a potential future reunion only makes it harder for your partner to move on. provide a clear explanation that doesn't assign most of the blame to your partner or yourself. examples: "i don't feel in love anymore"..."i think we want different things"..."we fight too much"...or "i can't adapt to your lifestyle."

don't back down if your partner claims he can change and the relationship can improve. the issues leading to the breakup of a long relationship inevitably have been discussed before. if the situation was going to improve, that should have happened already.

be patient and understanding if your ex has questions or a strong emotional response. you've been processing the impending demise of the relationship for some time, but it's new and perhaps unexpected for your partner. try not to take it personally or get drawn into an argument if your partner says mean things to you-that's just a reaction to the pain and embarrassment of being rejected. but, if in your opinion, your partner steps over the line from anger to verbal abuse, it's perfectly valid to draw a line. example: you might say, "we can continue to talk, but i won't be yelled at" or "i know i've hurt you, but if you want to keep talking, you have to stop insulting me."

if you and your partner have possessions in each other's homes, suggest that you arrange the exchange later, perhaps through the mail. or if the breakup conversation occurs in your partner's home, bring a few collapsible bags and say, "i'm going to pack up my things...let me know later how you'd like me to get yours to you!"

suggest that you and your partner coordinate what you tell shared friends to minimize the breakup fallout. recommend that you both update your facebook relationship status at the same time, for example...and note that when asked about the breakup, you'll say something positive such as, "it just didn't work out. she's wonderful, and we had a good run." criticism of an ex makes both partners look bad.

take physical cues from your partner during the breakup conversation. it's fine if she reaches for your hand or wants to cry on your shoulder, but inappropriate for the person initiating the breakup to initiate physical contact, even if it's a well-intentioned attempt to provide comfort.

for the first month following the breakup, try to avoid social situations where you might bump into your ex, if feasible.

the act of caressing or tenderly running fingers through a loved one's hair.

a person who has suddenly risen to a higher economic status but has not gained social acceptance of others in that class.

can a lie become a truth?

a gorgeous and brave model who has been jeopardizing her career by supporting palestine against israel.

a society that erects taboos against a discussion of historical events and institutes related prohibitions cannot have a democratic future.

a friend of mine gave them a 1 star review and i haven't heard of him since then. help!