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  • what i like most about russell is that he treated certainty almost like a character flaw.

    he seemed deeply suspicious of anyone who was too sure about politics, religion, morality, or even their own intelligence.

    for him, being rational did not mean having an answer for everything. it meant being willing to say, “i might be wrong,” and still continuing to think seriously.

    that sounds obvious, but it is surprisingly rare.

    most people use intelligence to defend what they already believe.

    russell used it to make himself uncomfortable.