the fisherman of halicarnassus

the battle of gettysburg, fought from july 1 to july 3, 1863, is often depicted as the turning point of the american civil war, a colossal clash that was essentially an epic drama played out in the fields and hills of pennsylvania. it was a conflict where the very fate of a nation hung in the balance, a narrative filled with strategy, valor, and tragedy.

here's a perspective on this monumental battle:

the setup: imagine the united states as a fractured chessboard, with the union and confederate armies maneuvering their pieces across the board. gettysburg became the unexpected stage where these forces collided. general robert e. lee, hoping to invade the north and force a quick end to the war, led his confederate army into pennsylvania.

the clash: over three days, the battle unfolded like a three-act play. the first day saw the confederates pushing back union forces through the town, gaining confidence. the second day expanded the fight to the left and right flanks, with fierce fighting at places like little round top and the wheatfield. the climax came on the third day with pickett's charge, a bold but doomed assault on the union center.

the denouement: the union's victory at gettysburg, coupled with the fall of vicksburg in the west on july 4, marked a pivotal shift in the war's momentum towards the north. the battle's aftermath left over 50,000 soldiers dead, wounded, or missing, making it the bloodiest battle of the civil war.

the battle of gettysburg was more than just a military engagement; it was a moment when the collective aspirations and fears of a divided nation were crystallized in the fires of combat. it remains a poignant symbol of sacrifice and the complex quest for unity and freedom.

the core-periphery model is a tale of two cities—well, more accurately, a tale of countless cities and regions, split into the haves and the have-nots of the economic world. it's like looking at a map where some areas glitter with wealth, innovation, and power (the core), while others (the periphery) are like the less-visited backdrops, struggling and often exploited.

imagine this model as a solar system:

the core: these are the suns of our economic universe—the new yorks, londons, and tokyos. they beam brightly with high technology, strong governments, and concentrated wealth. here, decisions are made, cultures are set, and innovations thrive.

the periphery: orbiting the bright suns, these are the distant planets like rural areas in africa, asia, or south america, often rich in resources yet lacking in technology, infrastructure, and capital. they provide the raw materials and labor to the core but see less of the economic pie in return.

the semi-periphery: these are akin to planets within a habitable zone, like brazil, india, and china. not as dominant as the core, but more developed than the periphery, they exploit the periphery while being exploited by the core, serving as a buffer or a stepping stone between the two extremes.

this model helps explain why some areas of the world advance rapidly, accumulating wealth and influence, while others lag behind, trapped in a cycle of dependency. it's a powerful lens through which to view global inequalities and dynamics, illustrating how economic gravity pulls resources and power toward the core, leaving the periphery in its shadow.

pickett's charge was the civil war's equivalent of a dramatic, high-stakes gamble, a bold throw of the dice in the smoky haze of battle. it was the centerpiece of the battle of gettysburg, taking place on july 3, 1863, and remains one of the most infamous military maneuvers in american history.

imagine it as a grand yet tragic theatrical act in three parts:

the buildup: confederate general robert e. lee decided to stake everything on breaking the union lines after two days of inconclusive fighting. he ordered nearly 12,500 men to march across open fields towards a well-fortified enemy.

the assault: led by major general george pickett and other division commanders, this massive infantry advance stretched over a mile wide. as they moved, the union artillery and rifle fire tore into them, creating a storm of lead and iron.

the aftermath: the charge reached the union lines but faltered under overwhelming defensive fire. it ended in devastating losses for the confederates, marking a turning point in the war and symbolizing the high cost of lee's gamble.

pickett's charge was a poignant example of courage and catastrophe intertwined, a bold stride that ended in retreat, influencing the fate of the nation. it's a historical moment that encapsulates the desperation and the decisive nature of battle choices in the crucible of war.

(see: battle of gettysburg)

an oxymoron is a playful paradox, wrapping contradiction in a cozy embrace. it's like a linguistic gymnast, bending together words that don't seem to fit, yet somehow they perform harmoniously. think of it as a verbal yin and yang, where opposites not only attract but dance cheek to cheek.

a few examples:

deafening silence – when the quiet is so overpowering, you can almost hear it.
bittersweet – like the last bite of chocolate as a favorite movie ends, it's joy laced with sadness.
jumbo shrimp – a tiny giant of the sea, small in size but big on name.
seriously funny – laughing till it hurts, because it's that hilarious.
awfully pretty – striking beauty that surprises, more than just pleasing to the eye.

each oxymoron brings together two contradictory elements that, against all odds, end up making perfect sense.

baron d'holbach (paul-henri thiry, baron d'holbach, 1723-1789) was a pivotal figure in the french enlightenment, renowned for his philosophical materialism and radical atheism. born in the german palatinate but primarily active in paris, d'holbach was a prolific writer, philosopher, and encyclopedist who made significant contributions to enlightenment thought through his critiques of religion and advocacy for scientific rationalism.

d'holbach's salon in paris became a hub for many leading intellectuals of the time, including denis diderot and jean-jacques rousseau. it was here that many ideas central to the enlightenment were debated and developed. despite his german origins, d'holbach wrote primarily in french, and his works played a crucial role in shaping french intellectual culture.

his most famous works include system of nature (1770) and the social system (1773), in which he argued that the universe operated solely on the basis of physical matter and motion, devoid of divine intervention. in "system of nature," d'holbach contended that everything in the universe could be explained through the laws of nature, and that the concept of god was unnecessary for understanding natural phenomena. this work is often seen as the quintessence of atheistic materialism in the enlightenment era.

d'holbach's ideas were highly controversial and deemed subversive in his time, leading to a significant backlash from both religious institutions and conservative political forces. his philosophical stance positioned him as a radical thinker who pushed the boundaries of atheism and materialism further than most of his contemporaries.

his intellectual legacy lies in his vehement challenge to religious orthodoxy and his contribution to the development of secular and humanist thought in modern philosophy. d'holbach's work paved the way for later intellectual movements that embraced atheism and materialism, influencing figures such as karl marx and friedrich engels. his emphasis on reason and empirical evidence as the foundations of knowledge continues to be influential in contemporary humanist and secular thinking.

crossfit is a popular high-intensity fitness program that combines elements of weightlifting, cardio exercises, and gymnastics. it has gained prominence due to its focus on functional movements, varied workouts, and community atmosphere.

after awhile you could get used to anything.

when you reach the top of the hill, you will see bodrum.
don't assume that you will leave as you came.
others before you were the same too.
as they departed, they all left their souls behind.
image image

pooh-pooh is a term that refers to the act of dismissing or belittling something as being unworthy of serious consideration or attention. it can also refer to the act of expressing contempt or disdain for something.

for example, someone might pooh-pooh an idea or suggestion by saying "that's a ridiculous idea" or "that's not worth considering." this can be done in a dismissive or contemptuous tone of voice, and it conveys the idea that the person believes the idea or suggestion is not worth considering or discussing.

another example of pooh-pooh might be someone who dismisses a concern or issue as being insignificant or unimportant. for example, someone might pooh-pooh a concern about climate change by saying "it's just a natural cycle" or "it's not a big deal." this can be done in a dismissive or contemptuous tone of voice, and it conveys the idea that the person believes the concern is not worth considering or addressing.

in order to avoid pooh-poohing something, it is important to consider all ideas, concerns, and issues with an open and respectful mindset, rather than dismissing or belittling them without careful consideration. this can help to create a more open and respectful dialogue, and it can encourage people to consider a wide range of perspectives and viewpoints.

fallacies are mistakes in reasoning or arguments that are based on incorrect or flawed logic. there are many different types of fallacies, and they can occur in written or oral arguments. it is important to be aware of fallacies in order to critically evaluate arguments and make informed decisions, and to avoid using fallacies in your own arguments.

chernobyl's new spin off documentary that will be coming to hbo and hbo max later june 2022.

john stuart mill, a 19th century philosopher and political economist, is best known for his work on the concept of liberty, particularly freedom of speech. in his essay on liberty, mill argues that individuals should be free to express their ideas and opinions without fear of censorship or punishment, as long as their speech does not harm others.

according to mill, the primary reason for protecting freedom of speech is that it allows for the exchange of ideas and the free flow of information. this, in turn, allows people to form their own opinions and make informed decisions. without the ability to freely express and explore different viewpoints, individuals would be unable to challenge and question the status quo, leading to a stagnant and intellectually stagnant society.

mill also believed that freedom of speech serves as a safeguard against the abuse of power. when people are able to openly criticize and express their opinions about those in positions of power, it helps to hold those individuals accountable and prevent them from becoming tyrannical.

however, mill recognized that there are limits to freedom of speech. he argued that the harm principle should be applied to speech, meaning that speech should not be restricted unless it causes harm to others. for example, speech that incites violence or causes direct harm to an individual's reputation should be restricted.

overall, mill's belief in the importance of freedom of speech has had a significant impact on modern ideas about individual liberty and the role of government in regulating speech. his ideas continue to be debated and discussed by philosophers and policymakers today.

ochlocracy, also known as mob rule, is a form of government in which control is exercised by an unruly mob or by a mass of people lacking the necessary skills and knowledge to govern effectively. this term is often used to describe a situation in which a government is controlled by people who are not elected to office, but instead are members of a mob who act impulsively and without regard for the laws and regulations of the state.

historically, ochlocracy has been associated with some of the earliest forms of democracy in ancient greece, particularly in athens, where the people had a direct say in the running of the city-state through the institution of the popular assembly. however, this system of government was also prone to mob rule and was often marked by outbreaks of violence and chaos. in these early democracies, there was no clear separation of powers or system of checks and balances to prevent the mob from exercising control over the government.

in modern times, the term ochlocracy is often used to describe situations in which the mob exercises control over the government through street demonstrations, riots, and other forms of public unrest. this can occur in both democratic and authoritarian regimes and is often a result of a failure of governance, widespread poverty and inequality, or widespread public discontent with the ruling authorities. in some cases, ochlocracy can also be a result of outside interference by other states or non-state actors who seek to destabilize a government and exert control over its population.

in conclusion, ochlocracy is a form of government that is marked by mob rule and the lack of effective governance. throughout history, it has often been associated with early forms of democracy and has been seen as a result of a failure of governance or widespread public discontent.

english philosopher. "the right thing to do, the just thing to do is to maximize utility."

"the moral side of murder" is a well-known thought experiment that combines elements of game theory and philosophy to explore ethical dilemmas. it's often used to discuss the tension between moral principles and rational decision-making in a hypothetical scenario. let's break down the components and implications of this thought experiment:

scenario:
imagine you are a participant in a game where you and another person are given the opportunity to make a decision that affects both of your lives. the scenario is structured as follows:

– you and the other person each have the option to either cooperate or betray.
– if both of you choose to cooperate, you both receive a moderate reward (let's say 2 points each).
– if you choose to betray while the other person cooperates, you will receive a substantial reward (let's say 4 points), but the other person will suffer a severe consequence (let's say -4 points).
– if both of you choose to betray, you both receive a small reward (let's say 1 point each).

game theory perspective:
from a game theory standpoint, this scenario is reminiscent of the classic prisoner's dilemma game. in the prisoner's dilemma, two individuals face a similar choice: cooperate with each other or betray the other. the dilemma arises because each player's optimal choice depends on the choice made by the other player.

in "the moral side of murder," if we assume that the participants are solely focused on maximizing their rewards, the rational choice would be to betray, regardless of the other person's choice. this is because the payoff for betraying is always higher than cooperating, no matter what the other person does.

philosophical implications:
from a philosophical perspective, this thought experiment raises important questions about ethics, morality, and the clash between self-interest and moral principles. it prompts considerations such as:

utilitarianism vs. deontology: participants must decide whether to prioritize their personal gain (utilitarianism) or adhere to a moral principle of not causing harm to others (deontology). choosing to betray maximizes personal gain but may involve causing harm to another person.

consequences of actions: the scenario highlights the potential consequences of one's actions on others. participants must weigh the immediate benefits against the harm they might cause.

social contracts: this thought experiment can be seen as a reflection of social contracts in society. it asks whether individuals would choose to act in ways that promote the well-being of the collective, even if it means sacrificing some personal gain.

integrity and trust: the choices made by participants reveal their willingness to uphold trust and integrity. cooperating reflects a commitment to working together, while betraying erodes trust and damages relationships.