there are three branches - executive (president), legislative (senate and house), and judicial (supreme court).
the house has 435 districts, and you vote for one representative for your district. each state gets the number of districts based on its population compared to the country as a whole - some states only have one, and california has the most - around 50. representatives get 2-year terms.
the senate every state gets exactly 2 senators, for 100 total. population doesn't matter. senators get 6-year terms, and each state's senators are elected in different years.
when you vote for the presidency, each state has "electoral votes" equal to the total number of representatives and senators tha…